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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:
Topic
Details
Topic 1
- Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 2
- Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.
Topic 3
- Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
Topic 4
- Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.
Topic 5
- Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q36-Q41):
NEW QUESTION # 36
What role is required to change a repository's code scanning severity threshold that fails a pull request status check?
- A. Triage
- B. Write
- C. Maintain
- D. Admin
Answer: D
Explanation:
To change the threshold that defines whether a pull request fails due to code scanning alerts (such as blocking merges based on severity), the user must have Admin access on the repository. This is because modifying these settings falls under repository configuration privileges.
Users with Write, Maintain, or Triage roles do not have the required access to modify rulesets or status check policies.
NEW QUESTION # 37
What is the first step you should take to fix an alert in secret scanning?
- A. Archive the repository.
- B. Revoke the alert if the secret is still valid.
- C. Remove the secret in a commit to the main branch.
- D. Update your dependencies.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The first step when you receive a secret scanning alert is to revoke the secret if it is still valid. This ensures the secret can no longer be used maliciously. Only after revoking it should you proceed to remove it from the code history and apply other mitigation steps.
Simply deleting the secret from the code does not remove the risk if it hasn't been revoked - especially since it may already be exposed in commit history.
NEW QUESTION # 38
What happens when you enable secret scanning on a private repository?
- A. Your team is subscribed to security alerts.
- B. GitHub performs a read-only analysis on the repository.
- C. Repository administrators can view Dependabot alerts.
- D. Dependency review, secret scanning, and code scanning are enabled.
Answer: B
Explanation:
When secret scanning is enabled on a private repository, GitHub performs a read-only analysis of the repository's contents. This includes the entire Git history and files to identify strings that match known secret patterns or custom-defined patterns.
GitHub does not alter the repository, and enabling secret scanning does not automatically enable code scanning or dependency review - each must be configured separately.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following features helps to prioritize secret scanning alerts that present an immediate risk?
- A. Secret validation
- B. Custom pattern dry runs
- C. Push protection
- D. Non-provider patterns
Answer: A
Explanation:
Secret validation checks whether a secret found in your repository is still valid and active with the issuing provider (e.g., AWS, GitHub, Stripe). If a secret is confirmed to be active, the alert is marked as verified, which means it's considered a high-priority issue because it presents an immediate security risk.
This helps teams respond faster to valid, exploitable secrets rather than wasting time on expired or fake tokens.
NEW QUESTION # 40
The autobuild step in the CodeQL workflow has failed. What should you do?
- A. Remove the autobuild step from your code scanning workflow and add specific build steps.
- B. Remove specific build steps.
- C. Use CodeQL, which implicitly detects the supported languages in your code base.
- D. Compile the source code.
Answer: A
Explanation:
If autobuild fails (which attempts to automatically detect how to build your project), you should disable it in your workflow and replace it with explicit build commands, using steps like run: make or run: ./gradlew build.
This ensures CodeQL can still extract and analyze the code correctly.
NEW QUESTION # 41
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